O błędach w śledztwie i sposobach ich unikania
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Kwartalnik Krajowej Szkoły Sądownictwa i Prokuratury * 2020* tom 37* zeszyt 1* s. 5-17* ISSN 2083-7186 O błędach w śledztwie i sposobach ich unikania On errors in investigations and how to avoid errors Prof. dr hab. Józef Wójcikiewicz, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Katedra Kryminalistyki, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-2074 Data publikacji: 2020-03-31 URL: https://www.kssip.gov.pl/pobierz_plik/2020-1_37_-_o_bledach.pdf
SUMMARY: The article covers the issue of errors in investigations – their origin and reasons. The author identifies three core reasons for committed errors: first, the inclination for the human mind to keep sticking to tried and tested solutions; second, acceptance of information only when it is compliant with our convictions – if it is not compliant, we treat it as erroneous or stupid (tunnel vision); and third, error in confirmation. Experts and criminal specialists should never be prejudiced and their identification of the essence of the case at hand should result solely from a logical consideration of facts, collected as a result of related search and investigation. Against this background, statistics of errors in various countries are interesting. In the United States, e.g., in 69% instances, ungrounded accusation relied on an incorrect recognition at presentation, in 44% – an erroneous forensic opinion, in 28% – false self-accusation, in 17% – incorrect testimony of inmates. In Poland, a majority of them constitute errors generated during site inspections. This is an effect of failure to comply with the applicable rules, e.g. the rule of planning, the rule of single-person management, the rule of speed. However, we should not lose sight of those who suffer as a result of incorrect presentations or incompetence of experts. The need to oppose such types of irregularities requires various actions, including, inter alia: reduction of the number of cases assigned to one police officer and prosecutor, not yielding to the authority of the superior and implementation of a broad practice of consultation with criminal experts and forensic doctors. Key words: forensics, errors in investigation, presentation Bibliographic Citation: WÓJCIKIEWICZ, J. O błędach w śledztwie i sposobach ich unikania, Kwartalnik Krajowej Szkoły Sądownictwa i Prokuratury. 2020, t. 37, z. 1, s. 5-17. ISSN 2083-7186. |
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